Excretory Products & Their Elimination Q BANK
EXCRETORY PRODUCTS & THEIR ELIMINATION Q BANK Question and answer based on strictly latest NCERT based pattern, and previous year NEET (AIPMT) question. chapter wise approach mcq is more useful for quick revision and increase speed for maintaining time period.
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MCQ:-
Q1) Which of the following statements is correct? (NEET 2017)
The ascending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water
The descending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water
The ascending limb of loop of Henle is permeable to water
The descending limb of loop of Henle is permeable to electrolytes
Answer- The ascending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to water
Q2) A decrease in blood pressure/volume will not cause the release of (NEET 2017)
Rennin
Atrial natriuretic factor
Aldosterone
ADH
Answer- Atrial natriuretic factor
Q3) The part of nephron involved in active reabsorption of sodium is (NEET 2016, PHASE II)
Distal convoluted tubule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Bowman’s capsule
Descending limb of Henle’s loop
Answer- Proximal convoluted tubule
Q4) Human urine is usually acidic because (CBSE AIPMT 2015)
The sodium transporter exchanges one hydrogen ion for each sodium ion, in peritubular capillaries
Excreted plasma proteins are acidic
Potassium & sodium exchange generates acidity
Hydrogen ions are actively secreted into the filtrate
Answer- Hydrogen ions are actively secreted into the filtrate
Q5) Which of the following causes an increase in sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule? (CBSE AIPMT 2014)
Increase in aldosterone levels
Increase in antidiuretic hormone levels
Decrease in aldosterone levels
Decrease in antidiuretic hormone levels
Answer- Increase in aldosterone levels
Q6) Figure shows human urinary system with structures labelled A-D. Select option, which correctly identifies them & gives their characteristics &/of functions. (NEET 2013)
A- Adrenal gland-located at the anterior part of kidney. Secrete catecholamines, which stimulate glycogen break down.
B- Pelvis-broad tunnel shaped space inner to hilum, directly connected to loops of Henle
C- Medulla- inner zone of kidney & contains complete nephrons
D- Cortex- outer part of kidney & do not contain any part of nephrons
Answer- A-Adrenal gland- located at the anterior part of kidney. Secrete catecholamines, which stimulate glycogen break down
Q7) The maximum amount of electrolytes & water (70-80%) from the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed in which part of the nephron? (CBSE AIPMT 2012)
Ascending limb of loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Descending limb of loop of Henle
Answer- Proximal convoluted tubule
Q8) Which one of the following correctly explains the function of a specific part of a human nephron? (CBSE AIPMT 2011)
Henle’s loop – Most reabsorption of the major
Substances from the glomerular
Filtrate
Distal convoluted – Reabsorption of ions into the
tubule surrounding blood capillaries
Afferent arteriole – Carries the blood away from
the glomerulus towards renal vein
Podocytes – Create minute spaces (slit pores) for
the filtration of blood into the
Bowman’s capsule
Answer- Podocytes – Create minute spaces (slit pores) for the filtration of blood into the Bowman’s capsule.
Q9) Which one of the following is not a part of a renal pyramid? (CBSE AIPMT 2011)
Convoluted tubules
Collecting ducts
Loop of Henle
Peritubular capillaries
Answer- Convoluted tubules
Q10) Uricotelic mode of passing out nitrogenous wates is found in (CBSE AIPMT 2011)
Birds & annelids
Amphibians & reptiles
Insects & amphibians
Reptiles & birds
Answer- Reptiles & birds
Q11) Which one of the following statements is correct with respect to kidney function regulation? (CBSE AIPMT 2011)
Exposue to cold temperature stimulates ADH release
An increase in glomerular blood flow stimulates formation of angiotensin-II
During summer when body loses lot of water by evaporation, the release of ADH is suppressed
When someone drinks lot of water ADH release is stopped
Answer- When someone drinks lot of water ADH release is stopped
Q12) Injury to adrenal cortex is not likely to affect the secretion of which one of the following ? (CBSE AIPMT 2010)
Aldosterone
Both androtenedione & dehydroepi-androsterone
Adrenalin
Cortisol
Answer- Adrenalin
Q13) Which one of the following statements in regard to the excretion by the human kidneys is correct? (CBSE AIPMT 2010)
Descending limb of Loop of Henle is impermeable to water
Distal convoluted tubule is incapable of reabsorbing HCO₃
Nearly 99% of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules
Ascending limb of loop of Henle is impermeable to electrolytes
Answer- Nearly 99% of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules
Q14) The principal nitrogenous excretory compound in human is synthesised (CBSE AIPMT 2010)
In kidneys but eliminated mostly through liver
In kidneys as well as eliminated by kidneys
In liver & also eliminated by the same through bile
In the liver but eliminated mostly through kidneys
Answer- In the liver but eliminated mostly through kidneys
Q15) Uric acid is the chief nitrogenous component of the excretory products of (CBSE AIPMT 2009)
Man
Earthworm
Cockroach
Frog
Answer- Cockroach
Q16) What will happen if the stretch receptors of the urinary bladder wall are totally removed? (CBSE AIPMT 2009)
Urine will not collect in the bladder
Micturition will continue
Urine will continue to collect normally in the bladder
There will be no micturition
Answer- Urine will continue to collect normally in the bladder
Q17) Consider the following four statements (A-D) about certain desert animals such as kangaroo rat
A. They have dark colour & high rate of reproduction & excrete solid urine.
B. They do not drink water, breathe at a slow rate to conserve water & have their body covered with thick hairs.
C. They feed on dry seeds & do not require drinking water
D. They excrete very concentrated urine & do not use water to regulate body temperature.
Which two of the above statements for such animals are true?
C & D
B & C
C & A
A & B
Answer- C & D
Q18) Which of the following pair of items correctly belongs to the category of organs mentioned against it? (CBSE AIPMT 2008)
Thorn of Bougainvillea & tendrils of Cucurbita- Analogous organs
Nictitating membrane & blind spot in human eye- Vestigial organs
Nephridia of earthworm & Malphigian tubules of cockroach- Excretory organs
Wings of honey bee & wings of crow- Homologous organs
Answer- Nephridia of earthworm & Malphigian tubules of cockroach- Excretory organs
Q19) A person who is on a long hunger strike & is surviving only on water, will have (CBSE AIPMT 2007)
More sodium in his urine
Less amino acids in his urine
More glucose in his blood
Less urea in his urine
Answer- Less urea in his urine
Q20) Bowman’s glands are found in (CBSE AIPMT 2006)
Olfactory epithelium
External auditory canal
Cortical nephrons only
Juxtamedullary nephrons
Answer- Olfactory epithelium
Q21) Angiotensinogen is a protein produced & secreted by (CBSE AIPMT 2006)
Macula densa cells
Endothelial cells (cells lining the blood vessels)
Liver cells
Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells
Answer- Liver cells
Q22) The net pressure gradient that causes the fluid to filter out of the glomeruli into the capsule is (CBSE AIPMT 2005)
20 mmHg
75 mmHg
30 mmHg
50 mmHg
Answer- 20 mmHg
Q23) A person is undergoing prolonged fasting. His urine will be found to contain abnormal quantities of (CBSE AIPMT 2005)
Fats
Ketones
Amino acids
Glucose
Answer- Ketones
Q24) In Omithine cycle which one pair of the following wastes are removed from the blood? (CBSE AIPMT 2005,06)
CO₂ & Urea
CO₂ & Ammonia
Ammonia & urea
Urea & sodium salts
Answer- CO₂ & Ammonia
Q25) Uricotelism is found in (CBSE AIPMT 2004)
Mammals & birds
Fishes & freshwater protozoans
Birds, reptiles & insects
Frogs & toads
Answer- Birds, reptiles & insects
Q26) When a freshwater protozoan possessing a contractile vacuole, is placed in a glass containing marine water, the vacuole will (CBSE AIPMT 2004)
Increase in number
Disappear
Increase in size
Decrease in size
Answer- Disappear
Q27) If Henle’s loop were absent from mammalian nephron, which of the following is to be expected? (CBSE AIPMT 2003)
The urine will be more concentrated
The urine will be more dilute
There will be no urine formation
There will be hardly any change in the quality & quantity of urine formed
Answer- The urine will be more dilute
Q28) In Protozoa like Amoeba & Paramecium, an organelle is found for osmoregulation which is (CBSE AIPMT 2002)
Contractile vacuole
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Food vacuole
Answer- Contractile vacuole
Q29) In Hydra, waste material of food digestion & nitrogenous waste material are removed from (CBSE AIPMT 2001)
Mouth & mouth
Body wall & body wall
Mouth & body wall
Mouth & tentacles
Answer- Mouth & body wall
Q30) Which one of the following is correctly matched pair of the given secretion & its primary role in human physiology? (CBSE AIPMT 2000)
Sebum – Sexual attraction
Sweat – Thermoregulation
Saliva – Tasting food
Tears – Excretion of salts
Answer- Sweat – Thermoregulation
Q31) In living beings, ammonia is converted into urea through (CBSE AIPMT 2000)
Ornithine cycle
Citrulline cycle
Fumarine cycle
Arginine cycle
Answer- Ornithine cycle
Q32) The enteronephric nephridia of earthworms are mainly concerned with (CBSE AIPMT 2000)
Digestion
Respiration
Osmoregulation
Excretion of nitrogenous wastes
Answer- Excretion of nitrogenous wastes
Q33) The ability of the vertebrates to produce concentrated (hyperosmotic) urine usually depends upon the (CBSE AIPMT 2000)
Area of Bowman’s capsule epithelium
Length of Henle’s loop
Length of the proximal convoluted tubule
Capillary network forming glomerulus
Answer- Length of Henle’s loop
Q34) Aquatic reptiles are (CBSE AIPMT 1999)
Ammonotelic
Ureotelic
Ureotelic in water
Ureotelic over land
Answer- Ureotelic
Q35) A condition of failure of kidney to form urine is called (CBSE AIPMT 1998)
Deamination
Entropy
Anuria
None of these
Answer- Anuria
Q36) In ureotelic animals, urea is formed by (CBSE AIPMT 1997)
Ornithine cycle
Cori cycle
Kreb’s cycle
EMP pathway
Answer- Ornithine cycle
Q37) The kidney of an adult frog is (CBSE AIPMT 1997)
Pronephros
Mesonephros
Metanephros
Opisthonephros
Answer- Mesonephros
Q38) The basic functional unit of human kidney is (CBSE AIPMT 1997)
Nephron
Pyramid
Nephridia
Henle’s loop
Answer- Nephron
Q39) A patient suffering from cholera is given saline drip because (CBSE AIPMT 1996,2000)
Cl⁻ ions are important component of blood plasma
Na⁺ ions help to retain water in the body
Na⁺ ions are important in transport of substances across membrane
Cl⁻ ions help in the formation of HCl in stomach for digestion
Answer- Na⁺ ions help to retain water in the body
Q40) If kidneys fail to reabsorb water, the effect on tissue would (CBSE AIPMT 1994)
Remain unaffected
Shrink & shrivel
Absorb water from blood plasma
Take more O₂ from blood
Answer- Shrink & shrivel
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